Picart, Bernard. 'Instrumens Qui Servent a La Circoncision', steel engraving, c1725, signed in plate at lower left; 35 x 22.5 cm. Bernard Picart (1673-1733) was a French engraver, Son of Etienne Picart, also an engraver. He was born in Paris and died in Amsterdam. He moved to Antwerp in 1696, and then spent a year in Amsterdam before returning to France at the end of 1698, after his wife died in 1708, he moved to Amsterdam in 1711 (later being joined by his father), where he became a Protestant convert and married again. Most of his work was book-illustrations. His most famous work is Ceremonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde', appearing from 1723 to 1743. Jonathan I. Israel calls Ceremonies 'An Immense Effort to Record the Religious Rituals and Beliefs of the World in All Their Diversity As Objectively and Authentically As Possible', although he had never left Europe. He relied on accounts by those who had, and had access to a collection of Indian sculpture, the original French edition of 'Ceremonies', from which the present piece has been removed, comprised ten volumes of text and engravings