A fine Chinese Neolithic Pi disk, c.3rd millennium BC Hongshan culture, the translucent disk of classic circular form, the central pierced apeture with raised linear rim, exceptional smooth finish, glossy patina, 20 cm. Provenance: from the collection of a Hong Kong resident for a similar example cf.: Sotheby's New York, Sept. 2003, fine Chinese Ceramics and Works of Art, Lot 24. For further information regarding these artefacts c.f: Rawson J. 1995, Chinese jade from the Neolithic to Qing, Exhibition Catalogue, the British Museum, London, p.13. See also Bahn 1992:#. .(this) semiprecious stone used in East Asia from the Neolithic periods. .for ornamental and ritual objects. .It cannot be cut or flaked but must be worked through abrasion. .(the) Hongshan an (Arch'ological) site in Liaoning Province, China, giving its name to a precocious Northeastern Neolithic culture of surprising complexity. Outstripping the Yangshao and early Dawenkou cultures of north and central China, the Hongshan has elaborate jade and stone ornaments. .substantial temple sites. .It is dated to c.3,500-3,000 BC. .# Bahn P. (ed) 1992, Collins Dictionary of Arch'ology, HarperCollins, Glasgow, p.p.217 & 234