Chinese Qing Dynasty Cheat's handkerchief fragment c.1,850, double sided, in red and black ink on silk, the text arranged in vertical columns, mounted in fine thread onto a blue fabric lined board, 22 cm x 10 cm (fragment), 44 cm x 30 cm (board) Provenance: collection of Judith Rutherford note: Cheat handkerchiefs were smuggled into the Chinese Imperial examinations where pressure to perform well meant that cheating became commonplace and well documented. Success in these examinations ensured benefits not only for the student but for his family if he were to excel and obtain rank. Please see larger example in the Powerhouse Museum, object No.99/63/1 https://ma.as/167737