A Tibetan firegilt repousee copper cittimandala, circa 17-18th century, depicting various deities seated on their lotus thrones within foliate scrolls, terminating to a lotus blossom at the base, the upper register depicts multiple images of the deity Vajravidarana holding a heart-high visvavajra (double dorje) and bell, symbolising the destructive or cleansing power of the vajra. The vajravidarana cleansing ceremony is a powerful spiritual aid to expunge or tear asunder to release the mental and physical poisons lying at the root of suffering. To the bottom left of this deity is Jina Yuddhajaya, one of the 35 Buddhas of Confession who embodies victory over the battles of the spirit, holding a coat of mail, a line of Tibetan script to the centre of the panel, 33.5 x 26.5 cm. Provenance: Arnold Lieberman Gallery New York